Other Works
Struggle for Control of the Hinterland of the Bight of Biafra: The Untold Story of the British Military Expedition to Igbo Land (1830-1930) Volume 2
This book tells the story of the people of Igbo land at the middle of the nineteenth century, when Europe and Europeans held the dominant power over the lives and affairs of many peoples in Africa. This dominance, however, was never supposed to be total or absolute. Nevertheless, it managed to cast a constricting shadow—with its associated, if unhealthy, ambience—on the day-to-day lives of the people using the overwhelming military and economic power at its disposal at a time when Africans were either recovering from five hundred years of stupor brought on by its own dark ages (AD 1100–1600) or the shock and paralysis that followed the Moroccan (Mohamedan) and Spanish-mercenary-assisted mayhem and chaos of 1591 against the African kingdoms of West Africa.
But the white man would soon lose most of his political and economic opportunities, and some of the absolute attributes he had mustered over the years the moment Britain and the other European races saw themselves as divinely appointed to right the wrongs of mankind. He would, from then on, render himself vulnerable to the tide of African enlightenment and progress, which was then building up everywhere, once the trade by which he had gained his ascendency over the other races of mankind began to decline. In addition, European ascendency witnessed an unusual reversal of luck when its residual strengths, recently boosted with the development of some newer types of weaponry—the Maxim machine gun in the UK (1883) and the Mauser Machine gun (1891) in Germany—weapons whose astonishing power and versatility had not previously been seen or tested in any battlefront, became more widely available to European and non-European troops. These, however, could not provide definitive answers to all the tactical and strategic imperatives of the developing new battlefront which European armies had sought. Nevertheless, these new weapons became celebrated after they were successfully used to hold the line and repel hordes of brave native fighters armed only with machetes and spears (South Africa) and bows and arrows (Kitchener’s Sudan), enabling British forces to claim easy victories over the native forces; several Victoria Crosses would be won on both battlefronts by the British army. The success of the campaigns clearly went to the heads of the victorious army commanders. Thus were sown the seeds that would grow, leading to the idea of invincibility of the white man in the battlefield and the tragic events that preceded the First World War (1914–1918).
But before lessons from these tragic errors could be learned and actions taken to assess their worth and relevance to the evolving economic, political, and military situations, several European states began to flex their muscles in preparation for an almighty scramble for territory on the African land mass, where they hoped to reap rich dividends from the poorer economies there, these to replenish the short falls in their exchequer balance sheets, following the ending of the African Slave Trade in 1837.
The Gulf of Guinea, and the lands adjoining it, became the scene of an intense and obscene struggle launched by European peoples to win land, territory, gold, diamonds, timber, and influence; but the first real shots to be fired there were to be in the lands of the Ashanti (Gold Coast) in 1871, where gold had been mined since before Phaeronic times. The Ashanti Wars (1871–1899) became the definitive test of the African’s ability to fight off and defend what Providence had bestowed on him.
Struggle for Control of the Hinterland of the Bight of Biafra is the untold story of the British Military expedition to the heartlands of the Igbo people—some of the most difficult and unexplored regions of the continent with its harsh and rugged terrain, sparse vegetation, gully erosion, wild animals, poisonous snakes, and jungle. Armed with nothing to fight but the bare nails on their fingers, the Igbo, together with their neighbours, waged a heroic and relentless peoples’ war for seven years against British Imperial forces that had had battlefield experience, right from the American Revolutionary Wars (1775–1783), the Napoleonic Wars (1793–1816), the Balkan (Crimean) Wars (1854–1856), and the Ashanti Wars (1871–1899).
Struggle for Control of the Hinterland of the Bight of Biafra is a tragic and harrowing tale of pain, plunder, and the abuse of military power levied on a total-war scale with the destruction of the peoples’ homes, the burning of their crops, the seizure or capture of their animals, and the arrest of the leading men against a small national resistance movement in the imperial age of the gunboat but also of courage by the defenders of the Igbo national homeland in the face of a blizzard of lyddite, shrapnel, and case shot.
Struggle for Control of the Hinterland of the Bight of Biafra: The Untold Story of the British Military Expedition to Igbo Land (1830-1930) Volume 3
This book tells the story of the people of Igbo land at the middle of the nineteenth century, when Europe and Europeans held the dominant power over the lives and affairs of many peoples in Africa. This dominance, however, was never supposed to be total or absolute. Nevertheless, it managed to cast a constricting shadow—with its associated, if unhealthy, ambience—on the day-to-day lives of the people using the overwhelming military and economic power at its disposal at a time when Africans were either recovering from five hundred years of stupor brought on by its own dark ages (AD 1100–1600) or the shock and paralysis that followed the Moroccan (Mohamedan) and Spanish-mercenary-assisted mayhem and chaos of 1591 against the African kingdoms of West Africa.
But the white man would soon lose most of his political and economic opportunities, and some of the absolute attributes he had mustered over the years the moment Britain and the other European races saw themselves as divinely appointed to right the wrongs of mankind. He would, from then on, render himself vulnerable to the tide of African enlightenment and progress, which was then building up everywhere, once the trade by which he had gained his ascendency over the other races of mankind began to decline. In addition, European ascendency witnessed an unusual reversal of luck when its residual strengths, recently boosted with the development of some newer types of weaponry—the Maxim machine gun in the UK (1883) and the Mauser Machine gun (1891) in Germany—weapons whose astonishing power and versatility had not previously been seen or tested in any battlefront, became more widely available to European and non-European troops. These, however, could not provide definitive answers to all the tactical and strategic imperatives of the developing new battlefront which European armies had sought. Nevertheless, these new weapons became celebrated after they were successfully used to hold the line and repel hordes of brave native fighters armed only with machetes and spears (South Africa) and bows and arrows (Kitchener’s Sudan), enabling British forces to claim easy victories over the native forces; several Victoria Crosses would be won on both battlefronts by the British army. The success of the campaigns clearly went to the heads of the victorious army commanders. Thus were sown the seeds that would grow, leading to the idea of invincibility of the white man in the battlefield and the tragic events that preceded the First World War (1914–1918).
But before lessons from these tragic errors could be learned and actions taken to assess their worth and relevance to the evolving economic, political, and military situations, several European states began to flex their muscles in preparation for an almighty scramble for territory on the African land mass, where they hoped to reap rich dividends from the poorer economies there, these to replenish the short falls in their exchequer balance sheets, following the ending of the African Slave Trade in 1837.
The Gulf of Guinea, and the lands adjoining it, became the scene of an intense and obscene struggle launched by European peoples to win land, territory, gold, diamonds, timber, and influence; but the first real shots to be fired there were to be in the lands of the Ashanti (Gold Coast) in 1871, where gold had been mined since before Phaeronic times. The Ashanti Wars (1871–1899) became the definitive test of the African’s ability to fight off and defend what Providence had bestowed on him.
Struggle for Control of the Hinterland of the Bight of Biafra is the untold story of the British Military expedition to the heartlands of the Igbo people—some of the most difficult and unexplored regions of the continent with its harsh and rugged terrain, sparse vegetation, gully erosion, wild animals, poisonous snakes, and jungle. Armed with nothing to fight but the bare nails on their fingers, the Igbo, together with their neighbours, waged a heroic and relentless peoples’ war for seven years against British Imperial forces that had had battlefield experience, right from the American Revolutionary Wars (1775–1783), the Napoleonic Wars (1793–1816), the Balkan (Crimean) Wars (1854–1856), and the Ashanti Wars (1871–1899).
Struggle for Control of the Hinterland of the Bight of Biafra is a tragic and harrowing tale of pain, plunder, and the abuse of military power levied on a total-war scale with the destruction of the peoples’ homes, the burning of their crops, the seizure or capture of their animals, and the arrest of the leading men against a small national resistance movement in the imperial age of the gunboat but also of courage by the defenders of the Igbo national homeland in the face of a blizzard of lyddite, shrapnel, and case shot.